Visvesvaraya technological university 2006 a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in the school of electrical engineering and computer science. Metal oxides are crystalline solids that contain a metal cation and an oxide anion. Thermal transport properties of polycrystalline tindoped indium oxide films journal of applied physics 105, 073709 2009. Characterization of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films for. According to that study, the sheet resistance of tin oxide films increases with the zn doping concentration 8. Niobium tin oxide, sulfur and zincdoped registration. Sn thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique with dopant concentration snzn at % from 0 to 1. The sol was prepared from zinc acetate dehydrate and tin chloride were used. Mocvdderived highly transparent, conductive zinc and tin doped indium oxide thin films. Structureproperty correlation of pure and sndoped zno.
In addition, this compound is basically composed of zinc which is an inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available element. The mineral form of sno 2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. Improving performance of tindopedzincoxide thinfilm. Industrial experience with tin oxide has shown that cvd at atmospheric 4ressure is the most costeffective method for its production. Ag doped zinc tin oxide as cathode for organic photovoltaic cells. The structure, surface morphological and optical properties were studied, for two weight ratios of doping 2 and 4 wt %. Aluminiumdoped zinc oxide an overview sciencedirect. Influence of different solvents on portrayal and photocatalytic activity of tin doped zinc oxide nanoparticles article pdf available in journal of molecular liquids 260.
Optical and structural characteristics of copper doped tin. Zinc tin oxide zto sputtering target american elements. Abstract tin oxide and cobalt doped tin oxide cto thin films were successfully deposited using modified chemical bath method with tin ii chloride dihydrate and cobalt chloride hexahydrate as precursors for sn and co ions respectively, in the presence of ammonium hydroxide as source of oxygen and ph adjuster. Characterization of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films for photovoltaic applications by bojanna p shantheyanda b. Molecular mechanisms and precursor conversion pathways associated with the reactions that generate colloidal nanocrystals are crucial for the development of rational synthetic protocols. Tunability of indium tin oxide materials for midinfrared plasmonics applications yu wang, 1 adam c. Synthesis and characterization of metal organic chemical. A solar cell with thickness of 250nm of ptype copper oxide and thickness of 140nm of ntype tzo with 2% tin doping has been made. Improving performance of tin doped zinc oxide thinfilm. Thin films along with transparent conducting oxide has identified its importance in different areas including the gas sensor, display panels, photovoltaic devices detector. They typically react with water to form bases or with acids to form salts. Indium tin oxide ito is an optoelectronic material that is applied widely in both research and industry. Ultralong multicolor belts and unique morphologies of tin.
Pdf influence of different solvents on portrayal and. Recently, doped zinc oxide thin films have been widely studied for their application as conducting electrode materials in flatpanel displays or solar devices. Metal oxide nanostructures such as zinc, indium, copper and titanium oxides can be. No peaks for tin oxide or other impurities were detected within the sensitivity of xrd measurements, revealing the phase purity of the products. Combination of zinc oxide and antimony doped tin oxide. F thinfilm transistors tfts have been fabricated using an aqueous solution process. The variation of energy bandgap and electrical resistivity of sndoped zno were. Xps was employed to identify the chemical states of the tin dopants. Zinc oxide zno nanoparticles have received a remarkable consideration due to their extra ordinary uv filtering properties, photochemical antifungal, high catalytic and antibacterial activities. Low temperatures of degradation as well as low heating rates reduce the rate of tin loss and lead to mainly amorphous, nanosized tin containing zinc oxide materials. Ito can be used for many applications, such as flatpanel displays, smart windows, polymerbased electronics, thin film photovoltaics, glass doors of supermarket freezers, and architectural windows. One application in which zinc oxide is used is in photovoltaics. For doping of boron, non aqueous solution of boric acid was added to starting solution. The front contact layer needs to be, at the same time, transparent and highly conductive with sheet resistances that have to be typically lower than about 15.
Metal oxide compounds are basic anhydrides and can therefore react with acids and with strong reducing agents in redox reactions. Structural, morphological and optical characterization of tin doped. Improvement in hydrogen sensing response of zinc oxide doped. Zinc oxide thin films have been actively investigated as transparent conducting oxide tco to substitute indium tin oxide ito due to price volatility associated with indium, along with various supply concerns. Structural, optical and sensitive properties of agdoped tin. Sn with thickness 300 30 nm prepared by spray pyrolysis method at substrate temperatures of 400c. We report here the synthesis of cu and fe doped zno nanoparticles. Paper open access structural, morphological and optical. Unlike the more commonly used indium tin oxide ito, zinc oxide is a nontoxic and inexpensive material 1. The effect of sn content on microstructures and optoelectronic properties of the films were investigated by xray diffraction, uvvisible spectrophotometer and hall effect.
Preparation of aluminum doped zinc oxide films and the study. Semiconductors are doped with donors ntype and acceptors ptype to improve their electrical conductivity. Organic solar cells on indium tin oxide and aluminum doped. Sadasivan shaji abstract zinc oxide zno is a wide band gap semiconductor. Among these all, zinc oxide zno provides some of the effective and interesting characterization of zinc oxide under different application.
Inorganic films typically are made up of a layer of transparent conducting oxide tco, most commonly indium tin oxide ito, fluorine doped tin oxide fto or doped zinc oxide. Solgel processed indiumdoped zinc oxide thin films and. Fluorine doped tin oxide fto glass substrates sigmaaldrich. Chromium and rutheniumdoped zinc oxide thin films for. Synthesis and properties of boron doped zno thin films by. Atomic layer deposition of galliumdoped zinc oxide. Synthesis of tindoped zinc oxide microrods for gas sensor. However, due to the scarcity of indium, alternative anodes that eliminate its use are highly desired.
Low temperatures of degradation as well as low heating rates reduce the rate of tin loss and lead to mainly amorphous, nanosized tincontaining zinc oxide materials. Lowtemperature aqueous solution processed fluorinedoped. Pure zno raman peaks are observed at 333, 380,438, 581cm1. Pdf sn dopant in zno may significantly improve the ntype conductivity of zno through a characteristic double effect. Synthesis of stannylsubstituted zn4o4 cubanes as single. An alternative indiumfree material for transparent conducting oxides of fluorine doped tin oxide fto thin films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate pet was prepared by electron cyclotron resonance metal organic chemical vapor deposition ecrmocvd. These systems have a broad range of applications and are continually increasing in importance. Tindoped zinc oxide sndoped zno thin film has been deposited onto glass substrates using solgel immersion method. Electrochromic characteristics of niobium doped titanium oxide. In this study, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique was employed to explore the molecular mechanism associated with the formation of tin doped indium oxide ito nanocrystals. Aluminum doped zinc oxide azo is also available in pellets, pieces, powder, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder. Tin doped zinc oxide films were prepared on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis. Research article synthesis and characterization of. The galliumdoped zinc oxide films were deposited over the temperature range 100350c.
Note that aminolysis of pure tinii 2ethylhexanoate, the tin precursor used in our experiments, by oleylamine may lead to tinii oxide or tiniv oxide depending on specific reaction conditions, as demonstrated by our controlled experiments additional file 1. Antimony doped ptype zinc oxide zno thin films using electron beam evaporation principal investigator. Pdf optical and electrical properties of sndoped zinc. Electrical properties of tindoped zinc oxide nanostructures doped. Ultralong multicolor belts and unique morphologies of tindoped zinc oxide nanostructures 277 fig. Among all of the tin doped zinc oxide in this study, films doped with 0. We also believe that this electrode design will allow agnw films to be practically employed in a wide range of optoelectronic device applications. Depending on the oxygen content, it can either be described as a ceramic or alloy. Structural and optical characterization of tin oxide codoped with aluminum and sulphur. Zinc oxide zno is a provocative material for applications in electronics, photonics, acoustics and sensing. Optical and electrical properties of zn doped tin oxide thin films prepared using sole gel spin coating method have been investigated. We have doped the ni and cu in the zno both with 3% by weight. Doped metal oxide nanocrystals represent an exciting frontier for colloidal synthesis of plasmonic materials, displaying unique optoelectronic properties and showing promise for a variety of applications. Thin transparent conducting oxide tco films of gallium doped zinc oxide have been deposited on glass substrates by atomic layer deposition ald using diethyl zinc, triethyl gallium and water vapour as precursors.
Fully transparent flexible tindoped zinc oxide thin film transistors. Sn thin films were deposited onto pyrex glass substrates by chemical spray pyrolysis technique starting from zinc acetate ch3co22zn. Overvig,2 sajan shrestha,2 ran zhang,3 ren wang,1 nanfang yu,2 and luca dal negro1,3, 1department of electrical and computer engineering and photonics center, boston university, 8 saint marys street boston, ma 02215, usa 2department of applied physics and applied mathematics. Preparation and antibacterial properties of titaniumdoped. Exploiting hydrolysis and condensation reactions in an aqueous solution process, organicfree zto. Feb 27, 2014 to research the relationship of microstructures and antibacterial properties of the titanium doped zno powders and probe their antibacterial mechanism, titanium doped zno powders with different shapes and sizes were prepared from different zinc salts by alcohothermal method. Aluminumdoped zinc oxide as highly stable electron. Precursor synthesis, metastable phase film growth and characterization, and application as anodes in polymer lightemitting diodes. Sn doped zno solutions were deposited onto the glass substrates using.
The structural and optical properties of pure and zinc doped tin oxide sno 2 thin films have been studied in detail. This finding suggests that the introduction of group iv dopants may serve as an effective strategy to control the shape of doped zno nanocrystals. A pure metal has been employed as a dopant in many oxide thin films as following. Doping introduces states in the band gap just above the valence band or just below the conduction band, as shown in figure 2 5. Effect of substrate temperature on the optical properties. Effect of mg doped zno thin film develpoed by electrodeposition method shashikant rajpal, s. Pdf optical and electrical properties of sndoped zinc oxide. It has excellent optical, electrical, catalytic, gas sensing properties and hence attracted much attention as. This project has been focused on the electrical and optical properties respectively on the effect of tin doped zinc oxide zno thin films at. This study shows that without the presence of any other photoinitiator these nanoparticles act as photocatalysts for the radical polymerization of cc bonds of methacrylates even when radiation of 650nm is used.
Structural and optical characterization of films was measured with siemens d5000 xray diffractometer and perkinelmer. Thus, alternative znobased tfts fabricated at a low temperature still need to be investigated. Optical properties of zinc oxide thin films using two dopant. However, the detailed function of the dopants, acting on the electrical and optical properties of znobased transparent conductive thin films, is not clear yet, which has limited the development and. Comparing to the single nanorod or nanowire, these microrods with lots of burls on the surface have huger surface and are more suitable for gas sensing application. Although lowtemperature, solutionprocessed zinc oxide zno has been widely adopted as the electron collection layer ecl in perovskite solar cells pscs because of its simple synthesis and excellent electrical properties such as high charge mobility, the thermal stability of the perovskite films deposited atop zno layer remains as a major issue. Fluorine doped tin oxide fto glass substrates sigma. Indium tin oxide ito is a ternary composition of indium, tin and oxygen in varying proportions. Zno nrs were prepared on magnesium mgaluminum al co doped zno seeded layercoated glass substrate using lowtemperature solution immersion for ethanol gas sensor applications. Due to the properties like reflectivity, transparency, low electrical sheet resistance etc. Al thin films and niobium doped titanium oxide tio. The bias voltage dependence of properties of the ito.
Nanoencapsulation of silver doped zinc sulfide with indium tin oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide for flat panel display applications by ollinger, michael. Tin doped zinc oxide snzno nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitationdeposition method in different polar and nonpolar solvents 2propanol, acetonitrile, nhexane and 3methyl1butanol. Znobased transparent conductive thin films have attracted much attention as a promising substitute material to the currently used indium tin oxide thin films in transparent electrode applications. Alayande 4 1department of materials and metallurgical engineering, federal university, oyeekiti, ekiti state, nigeria. Chapter 4 characterization of zinc doped tin oxide zn.
This project has been focused on the electrical and optical properties respectively on the effect of tin doped zinc oxide zno thin films at different dopant. Structural and optical properties of tin doped zinc oxide fibres prepared by electrospinning technique e. Optical, structural, morphological, and compositional. The diameter and length of the agdoped zinc oxide nanorod were found, approximately 54 to 226 nm diameters and from 601 to 1420 nm length with onedimension were segregated figures 5a and 5b. Hierarchically assembled tindoped zinc oxide nanorods. The best solution is to use doped oxides such as ito indium tin oxide, zao aluminum doped zinc oxide, or fto fluorine doped tin oxide. Epitaxial growth of cplane and mplane hexagonalstructure aluminium doped zinc oxide thin films is achieved for the first time on flexible substrates using cubicstructure seeds. Request pdf electrical properties of tindoped zinc oxide nanostructures doped at different dopant concentrations this project has been focused on the.
Bias voltage dependence properties of nbdoped indium tin. Structural and optical properties of tin doped zinc oxide. Nb films were investigated by adjusting the bias voltage. Photocatalytic properties of tin oxide and antimonydoped.
Tzo thin films were obtained from titanium iv ipropoxide ttip, diethyl zinc, and water by introducing tio2 growth cycle in a zno matrix. Structural and optical characterization of tin oxide. Effects of process parameters on sheet resistance uniformity. Synthesis of silverdoped zinc oxide nanocomposite by. Characterization of spin coated zn doped cupric oxide thin. Sn doped zno tzo has the advantages of high mobility and low temperature processing compatibility. Cu and fe doped zno nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and structurally, optically and morphologically characterized using xray diffractometer, optical spectroscope and scanning electron microscope. The effect of the chromium concentration on morphological, structural, optical, electrical. The semiconducting material is used as the window material in photovoltaic solar cell.
Thermal transport properties of polycrystalline tindoped. Moreover, degradation at higher temperatures 350 c and higher heating rates produces a homogeneous mixture of zinc stannate zn2sno4 and zno as major products. Antimony doped ptype zinc oxide zno thin films using. Tin iv oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula sno2. Conductive zinc oxide films have been investigated more recently. In this chapter, fabrication of highly resistive and transparent copper doped zinc oxide thin films and their characterization are.
The 438 cm1 is the characteristics peak corresponding to hexagonal wurtzite structure of zinc oxide. Tunability of indium tin oxide materials for midinfrared. To research the relationship of microstructures and antibacterial properties of the titanium doped zno powders and probe their antibacterial mechanism, titanium doped zno powders with different shapes and sizes were prepared from different zinc salts by alcohothermal method. The crystallite size, diameter size, and thickness of sn. Indium tin oxide is typically encountered as an oxygensaturated composition with a. Physical properties of zinc doped tin oxide films prepared by. Structural, optical and electrical properties of sndoped zinc oxide. A thin ag layer embedded between layers of zinc tin oxide zto are compared to cells using an indium tin oxide electrode was investigated for inverted organic bulk heterojunction solar cells employing a multilayer electrode.
F thin films were fabricated at a low temperature of 250 c. Nb thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering from one piece of ceramic target material at room temperature. One of the essential issues regarding metal oxide film deposition is the sheet resistance uniformity of the film. Structural, optical and electrical properties of sndoped. Mocvdderived highly transparent, conductive zinc and tin. In this article, the strong influence of radial dopant distribution on the optoelectronic properties of. Among various znobased tfts, one of the most promising materials is indium gallium zinc oxide igzo, which shows high electron mobility. First we have weighting the starting material according to their molarities in the solution. An experimental study of sndopedzno using solgel approach. Effect of nitrogen flow in hydrogennitrogen plasma. Molecular mechanism of monodisperse colloidal tindoped. The reflection in the pure and doped models is the same as the reflection 002 corresponding to the angle 34. Research article synthesis and characterization of vanadium doped zinc oxide thick film for chemical sensor application rayeesahmadzargar, 1 manjuarora, 2 masroorahmad, 3 andaurangzebkhurramhafiz 1 department of physics, jamia millia islamia, new delhi, india. Abstract zinc magnesium oxide znmgo is a ternary iivi direct band gap semiconducting material whose band gap varies from 3 to 4 ev.
Thin transparent conducting oxide tco films of galliumdoped zinc oxide have been deposited on glass substrates by atomic layer deposition ald using diethyl zinc, triethyl gallium and water vapour as precursors. Ru thin solid films were deposited on sodalime glass substrates by the solgel dipcoating method. Sn doped zinc oxide polycrystalline thin films were prepared by solgel process. The quantity of tin in the sol was 0, 15, and 25 at. Sno 2 were prepared on si1 0 0 and quartz substrates by the spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 400 c. Criteria for choosing transparent harvard university. Chromium cr doped zinc oxide zno thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition mocvd technique with varying dopant concentration at a temperature of 420. Fluorine doped tin oxide fto coated glass is electrically conductive and ideal for use in a wide range of devices, including applications such as optoelectronics, touch screen displays, thin film photovoltaics, energysaving windows, rfiemi shielding and other electrooptical and insulating applications. Electrochromic characteristics of niobiumdoped titanium.
With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. So we have used zinc chloride 97% and 3% nickel sulphate and copper chloride. Electrical conductivity characteristics of tindoped zinc oxide thin. However, fundamental questions about the nature of doping in these materials remain. Combination of zinc oxide and antimony doped tin oxide nanocoatings for glazing application benjamin schumm 1, thomas abendroth 1, saleh a. Ramanshift data from 200 to 800 cm1 for undoped and doped zno is shown in fig. Synthesis and characterization of ni and cu doped zno. Electrical properties of tindoped zinc oxide nanostructures doped at. Zno nanocomposite material was achieved using a simple chemical coprecipitation method, in which 0. Nanoencapsulation of silver doped zinc sulfide with indium.
The effect of sn content on microstructures and optoelectronic properties of the. Although indium tin oxide in 2o 3 sn, ito was first made by spray pyrolysis, sputtering has become the preferred mode for its production. Preparation of aluminum doped zinc oxide films and the study of their microstructure, electrical and optical properties hongming zhou. Growth of cplane and mplane aluminiumdoped zinc oxide thin.
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